WS3A

Map (Analog) 2v 1sec
As the voltage increases the vacuum decreases. so at idle voltage is 2volts and increases from there as engine rpm increases. If there was a fault in this component or circuit it could effect the engine load. For example if there was high resistance (corrosion) in the earth wire itl effect the output voltage because voltage would be used to push through the corrosion to get to earth.

ECT eng cold .720v eng hot .538v
note: slowly decrease voltage as engine warms up. An ECT is a NTC thermistor. As the engine haeats up the signal voltage drops. If there is a fault with this component it could make the vehicle run rich if the signal voltage is high and the engine is hot. This faulty reading is not good for the car. A faulty reading can be caused by a faulty component. you can also get a faulty reading if you have a bad earth.


IAT 2v 10ms
Hot = 1.495v Cold= .5v
This records the air temp as it passes through the intake manifold. low voltage reading is when the air temp is cold. A high voltage is hot air passing through the the intake manifold. If there is a fault with the IAT like a bad earth you could result in in no signal voltage or high signal voltage if the IAT was faulty but stil had continuity.

TPS Closed throttle 5v Open throttle .5v
In the photo for TPS the low voltage reading of around .5v is the throttle closed on idle. As the voltage readings get high this shows us that the throttle is getting more and more open until it reaches W.O.T. If there is a fault with this component or circuit it can result in the vehicle not responding to the drivers intent. Bad resistance in this circuit will cause incorrect signal voltage. eg.. Vs x (R1+ R2) / R2 = Vout (normal equation) If there is extra resistance the equation would be Vs x (R1 + R2 + R3) / (R2 + R3)= Vout which would be different.

MAF digital
This component reads how much air is coming through to the intake manifold. If there is a fault with this component it can effect the engine load. For example if the variable resistor inside the MAF sensor is faulty the incorrect signal will be given or maybe no signal if it doesn't have continuity. For example if the MAF sensor was half open and sending a signal of .6v instead of 1v that .6v signal might tell the ECU to put less fuel in when infact it should be injecting more fuel.